During the COVID-19 pandemic, many advocacy groups and individuals criticized governments on social media for doing either too much or too little to mitigate the pandemic. In this article, we review advocacy for COVID-19 elimination or “zero-covid” on the social media platform X (Twitter). We present a thematic analysis of tweets by 20 influential co-signatories of the World Health Network letter on ten themes, covering six topics of science and mitigation (zero-covid, epidemiological data on variants, long-term post-acute sequelae (Long COVID), (...) vaccines, schools and children, views on monkeypox/Mpox) and four advocacy methods (personal advice and promoting remedies, use of anecdotes, criticism of other scientists, and of authorities). The advocacy, although timely and informative, often appealed to emotions and values using anecdotes and strong criticism of authorities and other scientists. Many tweets received hundreds or thousands of likes. Risks were emphasized about children’s vulnerability, Long COVID, variant severity, and Mpox, and via comparisons with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Far-reaching policies and promotion of remedies were advocated without systematic evidence review, or sometimes, core field expertise. We identified potential conflicts of interest connected to private companies. Our study documents a need for public health debates to be less polarizing and judgmental, and more factual. In order to protect public trust in science during a crisis, we suggest the development of mechanisms to ensure ethical guidelines for engagement in “science-based” advocacy, and consideration of cost–benefit analysis of recommendations for public health decision-making. (shrink)

Since the early 1980’s, with the clinical advent of in vitro fertilization resulting in so-called “test tube babies,” a wide array of ethical considerations and concerns regarding artificial womb technology (AWT) have been described. Recent breakthroughs in the development of extracorporeal neonatal life support by means of AWT have reinitiated ethical interest about this topic with a sense of urgency. Most of the recent ethical literature on the topic, however, pertains not to the more imminent scenario of a physiologically improved (...) method of neonatal care through AWT, but instead to the remote scenario of “complete ectogenesis” that imagines human gestation occurring entirely outside of the womb. This scoping review of the ethical literature on AWT spans from more abstract concerns about complete ectogenesis to more immediate concerns about the soon-to-be-expected clinical life support of what we term the fetal neonate or fetonate. Within an organizing framework of different stages of human gestational development, from conception to the viable premature infant, we discuss both already identified and newly emerging ethical considerations and concerns regarding AWT and the care of the fetonate. (shrink)

Bluhm et al.’s (2023) qualitative study on psychiatric electroceutical interventions describes several types and characteristics of invasiveness identified by psychiatrists and people living with a...

The Hague: the 'village' with court and government -- Dordrecht: the privileged city -- Haarlem: the frontier city of sand and wood -- Delft: the clean city -- Leiden: the old textile city with a new university -- Amsterdam: the city of wise merchants -- Utrecht: the bishop's city.

This article responds to Dominelli’s contribution by mapping three lines of discussion. The first relates to the issue of how to understand voluntary work with regard to the realization of citizenship. The authors argue that this understanding depends on the way citizenship is conceived. Whereas a rights-based conception of citizenship focuses on issues of equal access to voluntary work, a duty-oriented notion of citizenship tends to see voluntarism as embedded in an educational strategy, alongside professionalized social work. The authors plead (...) for an alternative understanding of voluntary work and social work as joined partners in practices of ‘learning democracy’. The second line of discussion revolves around the relation between social and political dimensions of citizenship. With Dominelli, the authors point out how the obscuring of the political dimension risks to nurture societal discourses that put pressure on the welfare state. The third point relates to the difficulties in positioning voluntary work with regard to professional social work. One of these difficulties is the tendency to over-romanticize voluntary work as warm, informal, generous, while giving an exclusively technical reading of social work professionalization. (shrink)

Our team at the Centre for Clinical Ethics has long been engaged in internal discussion about the purpose and value of ethics debriefs and their purported role in reducing moral distress (Morley an...

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is presented and understood as the primary reference point regarding questions of children’s rights. However, the UNCRC is not a neutral instrument deployed to meet the rights of children: it embodies a specific perception of the child, childhood and citizenship. The interpretation of the UNCRC from the point of view of children’s legal status emphasises the autonomy of children; the focus is on the rights that children possess. Conversely, the (...) social-political interpretation of the UNCRC addresses the question of how the rights of children can be realised. It is suggested that distinguishing between these interpretations is essential with regard to questions of pedagogy and education. (shrink)

Dans un contexte marqué par la révolution industrielle, et donc la mécanisation du travail, Oscar Wilde porte un regard critique sur les possibilités nouvelles accordées à la mise en scène de théâtre. Loin d’être accessoire, la scénographie est constitutive d’une œuvre irréductible au texte et fait, du théâtre, le lieu d’un art total où le décorateur est artiste et les métiers collaborent.

Les Présocratiques sont de retour. Ou plutôt ils font leur entrée dans un monde qui les avait à peu près ignorés jusque-là, faute de pouvoir les comprendre de l'intérieur. Cependant - et telle est la véritable originalité de ce livre - personne n'avait encore inscrit les Présocratiques dans l'ensemble des grandes traditions de l'humanité. A la lumière des cosmologies et des sagesses orientales - hindouisme, bouddhisme, taoïsme en particulier, dont Jean Biès est un familier - l'ouvrage explore pour la première (...) fois dans leur véritable lumière ce que furent la mentalité, la vision du monde et les enseignements des Présocratiques, en en renouvelant ainsi, et de fond en comble, l'intérêt, et par delà même, l'avenir des " Humanités classiques ". Parmi eux, Empédocle - poète, médecin, thaumaturge - occupe une place de choix pour peu que l'on déchiffre sa vie à l'aide du symbolisme : sa " descente " parmi les hommes, ses " pouvoirs " chamaniques, son " enlèvement " miraculeux. Philosophe de la nature, Empédocle fonde son système sur des " Racines " et des " Principes " opposés et complémentaires, sur la corrélation du multiple et de l'Un, sur la doctrine des cycles cosmiques et sur le Sphaïros, divinité suprême, qui, tous, permettent d'inattendus rapprochements avec les " points de vue " de l'Asie. Maître spirituel, il transmet des méthodes initiatiques également proches de l'ascèse orientale, permettant la réminiscence des vies antérieures et fournissant les moyens d'échapper à la transmigration. L'ouvrage propose une traduction inédite et commentée des poèmes de l'Agrigentin : De la Nature et Purifications. (shrink)

Dans l’historiographie vietnamienne des années 1990, apparaît le terme « nữ », désignant le genre féminin pour souligner l’engagement spécifique des femmes dans la guerre, à l’égale de celui des hommes, voire au-delà de celui des hommes dans une facture d’héroïsation. À partir de nouveaux corpus d’histoire orale des combattantes et combattants clandestins dits des « Commandos de Saigon », l’article interroge les tensions de l’écriture d’une histoire des femmes en temps de guerre. En effet, penser le genre de l’indépendance, (...) attentif aux mécanismes des dominations masculines, aide à construire une histoire de la guerre plus proche des réalités sociales, moins hagiographique. (shrink)

Recent discussion on artificial womb technology (AWT) has given rise to a proliferation of terms to denote the subject of AWT. De Bie et al. opt for “fetal neonate” or “fetonate’ as “the best way t...

The review by De Bie et al. (2023) provides an overview of the current ethical literature on artificial womb technology (AWT). Two characteristics stand out, and provide the basis for our commentar...

伊瑞葛來，在西蒙波娃之後，法國最具代表性的女性主義哲學家。 本書以性別差異為核心，完整呈現其思想菁華―― 平等，不是泯除差異，而是要尊重差異，包容異於己的他者。 伊瑞葛來是繼西蒙．德．波娃之後，法國最具代表性、原創性，以及「挑逗性」的女性主義哲學家，同時也是主導當今思潮的重要人物。雖然她之前被歸類為本質主義者，因而削減了其影響力，但隨著我們對她的思想有更全面的 認識，如今終於有了更公允的評價。 本書以性別差異為核心，討論伊瑞葛來由此主要議題衍生至不同文化面向──哲學論述、語言、神聖、面對他者──的相關看法。從《另一個女人的內視鏡》開始，伊瑞葛來便致力於暴露西方哲學傳統將女性化約為男性的鏡中倒 影，導致整個西方文化落入僵局的不當認知。為了喚起人們對性別差異的重視，她強調男與女是兩個不同主體，目前的首要之務，在於確立女性的主體性，進而發展、實踐承認性別差異的倫理，以使文化開展出更豐饒多元的新局 ，帶來「救贖」。 透過種種論述，伊瑞葛來為當今學術界樹立了面對「他者」的典範。當我們不再預設立場，願意對「他者」有更深入的認識時，將有助於消弭許多誤會，化解彼此之間的心結。.

本书旨在以女性主义视角围绕着性别与哲学进行探索，不仅试图在各种复杂的理论纷争中梳理和澄清诸如性别与社会性别、女性、女性主义、性别差异、妇女哲学、女性主义哲学等基本概念，也对女性主义哲学的产生和发展、学 科定位以及方法论进行分析。.

本书通过对大众传媒的女性时尚化的类型,描述和概括女性的时尚化对女性理念的影响,提出在全球消费主义的主导下,大众传媒用"现代化"话语构建的女性时尚的社会与文化的互动宣传,其裨仍是将女性"化约"为媒体娱乐 和消费市场的载体,阻碍了女性真实个性的发展,以及由女性经验主导的文化实践的呈现.

De Bie et al. (2023) propose an organizing framework for different stages of human gestational development from conception to the viable premature. They also identify ethical considerations and con...

Excerpt from Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, oder Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse Unb mit jener eifernen @raft gn (R)tanbe gebraebt toorben bie bor ?i[iem unfern %rennb anbgeicbnete, ibobi aber in ber ?in@fiibrnng, 2[norbnnng nnb in ber gang tonnbérbaren ecbiteftonif, mit ber jebe @eite unb jeber $ranm bebanbeit, in bern %ieif3e, ber jebem qbintet beb (R)ebänbeb angetoanbt ift, in bein einen ebenmiifgigen unb bocb toieber berfcbiebenen (c)tbte, ber bon ber (R)bitg;e bi@ gur (R)rnnbtage ficb bewerten Iäfit, unb ber ba(R) (R)ange (...) jenen sbanten be 9rittetatter@ an bie (R)eite fetgt, bie aneb anf befä;ränften unb engen btätgen erricbtet, trot; bem bnrcb ibre @rbabenbeit bon ber 11rngebnng abgieben, unb naeb ibren (c)bben ben (c)inn 5n ricbten toiffen. I(R)enn toa@ bat ber bentfcbe (R)eift niebt afie@ begriinbet ober 311 begrünben berfncbt? Rnit ber (R)dpanfei unb bein (R)baten ift man bei nné trnnrer bei ber (R)anb, 2riffe 311 Einfügen (R)ebänben werben tbobt aa berfertigt, unb ibre 2in(R)fiibrnng bern C nfet ber niebt mebr baran benit übertaffen, aber fetten finb bie (R)ebanfen, tbeicbe bie 2ibftraftion abfcbtobrenb, aneb (R)eftatten Werben, feitener ber nn; ermnbiicbe (R)eift ber in jebe weitergefcbrittenefläerf bicbtnng feineé (R)tofieö bie %rifcbe be8 qinfangß unb ben bermebrten be6 bnrebianfenen $?reifeß bringt. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Excerpt from Die Religion des Philosophen und Sein Glaubensbekenntniß Non 3been nnb 91nn'nonn'en %ee bein Elta tenfenten biefev (c)cbeift einen am; unter jenen ge!ei;eten ifllännern angemiefen babe, Die an Der £eebedtnng bed nbiiofonbifd;en Gieifie$ (ein bielßebentenbeß (R)ing in Der aufgelicirten 28elt, bie man mit guten (c)tnnbe eine (R)eiflmndt new nen fönnte wo einem halb ein (R)eifi bee älto£. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction (...) of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

De Bie et al. argued that the decision “to transfer the fetus to AWT falls under maternal autonomy” while “once the fetonate is being supported by AWT, decision making would become a shared parenta...

De Bie et al. (2023) provide a helpful framework for understanding many of the ethical considerations regarding artificial womb technology (AWT), particularly in relation to existing reproductive t...

De Bie et al. (2023) call attention at the conclusion of their essay to the “novel questions” generated by complete ectogenesis. The question I explore is how complete ectogenesis from conception t...

De Bie et al. posit thatthe best way to describe the person who would receive current AWT is as a “fetal neonate” or fetonate. Neonatal pertains to the fact that the subject is removed from the wom...

De Bie et al. (2023) introduces a framework to conceptualize ethical issues based on four different domains, but the problem lies in the domains being falsely bounded. Apart from the step from doma...

Excerpt from Die Idee des Schicksals in der Geschichte der Tragdie: Ein Kapitel Einer sthetik Qbenn nun aber bie fiunitgefrbicbte aus iid) unb fur lid) ielbit icbon eine beorie ber Runft 5u fcbaffen begonnen bat, was will bann norb eine Qlftbetit neben unb auer ibr? (c)ibt es ein Qiecbt ber c13l)ilbfbpbie auf ein Guitem glieb, genannt Qlitbetii, b. B. bbiloiopbie ber Runftl'? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This (...) book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

De Bie et al. provide a novel framework for assessing ethical considerations in artificial womb technology (AWT) based on four phases of human prenatal development (DeBie 2023). As the authors note...

De Bie et al. (2023) hold out their paper as an effort “to identify the broad range of ethical concerns and considerations regarding AWT” and to organize them “into a comprehensive framework to org...

De Bie et al. (2023) provide a thorough review of the existing literature concerning Artificial Womb Technology (AWT) using the PRISMA-ScR method. The summary of the scoping review they conducted a...

De Bie et al. (2023) found that most feminist literature praises Artificial Womb Technologies (AWT) for its potential to increase equality among the sexes. This literature frames gestation as a poi...

Zheng zhi zi you shi wei zi you si xiang di yi yi. Ran er, Zhongguo xian dai zheng zhi zi you guan nian shi ru he dan sheng de zhe ge hua ti tai da, wo men guan zhu de shi ta yu xian Qin zhu zi si xiang zhi jian de guan xi he ru. Ben shu yi shi jian, pai bie wei xian suo, yi lun ti, fan chou he nei zai jie gou wei mai luo, jie (...) he Zhongguo xian dai si xiang jia lun ji zheng zhi zi you he xian Qin zhu zi guan xi de ju ti yan lun, lai tao lun Zhongguo xian dai zheng zhi zi you guan ji qi yu xian Qin zhu zi guan xi, miao mo chu duo ceng ci, duo yuan hua de Zhongguo xian dai zheng zhi zi you lun de bo lan zhuang kuo de si xiang hua mian. (shrink)

Ben shu zuo zhe tong guo zi shen de li jie he jing yan dui " dao de jing " jin xing le jie shuo he chan shi, bing jiang qi yu tai ji quan de lian quan dao li lian xi de si si ru kou. quan shu gong fen ba shi yi zhang, ji dui " dao de jing " de ba shi yi zhang fen bie zuo jie, ti lian qi zhu yao jing shen, jiang zhi yu (...) tai ji quan de xiang si quan li jie he chan shi. (shrink)

Ben shu quan mian chan shu zhu xi de li xue yu ke xue si xiang,Te bie jiu zhu xi zhong shi zi ran yan jiu,Shen ru ke xue tan suo,Chuang xin ke xue si xiang,Chuan bo zi ran zhi shi yi ji zhu xi li xue de ke xue jia zhi zhan kai ju ti de lun shu,Chong fen ken ding zhu xi ke xue si xiang dui yu hou shi ke ji fa zhan de zhong yao zuo yong,Yi (...) qi dui jin tian de ke ji yu wen hua de fa zhan zhu ru yuan tou huo shui. (shrink)

Ben shu tong guo dui yu Li Zhuowu he Yangming xue de chan shi, dui yu Zhongguo qian jin dai bu tong yu xi fang de lu xiang jin xing le bian xi, ren wei"zai Zhongguo si xiang zhong cun zai zhe bu tong yu Ouzhou si xiang shi de zhan kai de Zhongguo du zi de si xiang shi de zhan kai", fan dui yi ban chang jian de, yi Ouzhou de li shi zhan kai he jia zhi guan (...) wei ji zhun de xi fang zhong xin lun li shi guan, cong er zai Zhongguo nei zai de si xiang li lu zhong xun zhao Zhongguo de"jin dai"ji qi"qu she yu fa zhan"; ta hai da po le zai Riben tong xing de dui yu Li Zhuowu tong xin shuo shi ge ren zhu yi biao xian de fu qian shuo fa, ba Li Zhuowu wan qi de fu za si xiang, te bie shi fo jiao si xiang zai ta shen shang de du te ti xian tui xiang dui yu ming dai si xiang ben shen de jie shi. (shrink)

In their article, De Bie et al. (2023) provide a scoping review of the ethical and socio-legal issues arising from research into, and the potential, maybe even likely deployment of, artificial womb...

The paper by De Bie et al. (2023) provides an overview of various ethical arguments related to artificial womb technology (AWT). We believe some important feminist concerns about this technology ne...

In an April 2023 article in JAMA Pediatrics, ‘Life Support System for the Fetonate and the Ethics of Speculation’, authors De Bie, Flake and Feudtner critique bioethicists for practising what they call ‘speculative ethics’. The authors refer to a 2017 article that they published on the Extra-uterine Environment of Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system. This system was able to keep fetonatal (newborn, but in a fetal physiological state) lambs alive outside of the parent lamb’s womb for 4 weeks. The article has (...) been accessed almost 300 000 times and received significant media attention. It also resulted in an explosion in the bioethics literature about ‘the ethics of the artificial womb’. However, the authors bemoan, these ethics discussions focused largely on unrealistic use cases of the new technology—from elective shortening of pregnancies to complete ectogenesis. The authors dubbed these discussions as ‘a technically and developmentally naive, yet sensationally speculative, pipe dream’. The use case of the EXTEND technology that is most realistic involves supporting extremely premature newborns (23–24 weeks). Other probable uses include supporting infants in later gestational ages (25–28 weeks) with pathological conditions, potentially allowing for surgeries or other therapeutics to be delivered without imposing risks on pregnant patients. To …. (shrink)